# The Presidential Climate Change Commission estimates South Africa needs roughly 900-billion-rand to meet its emission reduction targets by 2030. According to director Crispian Olver, there is an annual funding gap of about 19-billion-rand. Olver says about 86-billion-rand per annum is needed. South Africa recently adopted a Nationally Determined Contribution of between 350 and 420 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030. Olver says about 400-billion-rand is likely to be directed to transition the energy mix, 150- billion-rand for electric vehicles and 150-billion to kick-start investment in the hydrogen economy.